ls – List Files and Directories: List the contents of a directory.
Example: ls -l
cd – Change Directory: Navigate to a different directory.
Example: cd /home/user/documents
pwd – Print Working Directory: Display the current directory’s full path.
Example: pwd
mkdir – Make Directory: Create a new directory.
Example: mkdir your_folder_name
rm – Remove: Delete files or directory.
Example: rm yourfile.txt
cp – Copy: Copy files or directories.
Example: cp file.txt /destination_folder
mv – Move: Move files or directories.
Example: mv file.txt /your_new_location
touch – Create Empty File: Create a new empty file.
Example: touch new_file.txt
cat – Concatenate and Display: View the content of a file.
Example: cat file.txt
nano – Text Editor: Open a text file for editing.
Example: nano file.txt
grep – Search Text: Search for text patterns in files.
Example: grep "pattern" file.txt
find – Search Files and Directories: Search for files and directories.
Example: find /path/to/search -name "file_name"
chmod – Change File Permissions: Modify file permissions.
Example: chmod 755 file.sh
chown – Change Ownership: Change the owner and group of a file or directory.
Example: chown user:group file.txt
ps – Process Status: Display running processes.
Example: ps aux
top – Monitor System Activity: Monitor system processes in real-time.
Example: top
kill – Terminate Processes: Terminate a process using its ID.
Example: kill PID
wget – Download Files: Download files from the internet.
Example: wget https://example.com/file.zip
curl – Transfer Data with URLs: Transfer data to or from a server.
Example: curl -O https://example.com/file.txt
tar – Archive and Extract: Create or extract compressed archive files.
Example: tar -czvf archive.tar.gz folder
ssh – Secure Shell: Connect to a remote server securely.
Example: ssh user@remote_host
scp – Securely Copy Files: Copy files between local and remote systems using SSH.
Example: scp file.txt user@remote_host:/path
rsync – Remote Sync: Synchronize files and directories between systems.
Example: rsync -avz local_folder/ user@remote_host:remote_folder/
df – Disk Free Space: Display disk space usage.
Example: df -h
du – Disk Usage: Show the size of files and directories.
Example: du -sh /path/to/directory
ifconfig – Network Configuration: Display or configure network interfaces (deprecated, use ip).
Example: ifconfig
ip – IP Configuration: Manage IP addresses and network settings.
Example: ip addr show
netstat – Network Statistics: Display network connections and statistics (deprecated, use ss).
Example: netstat -tuln
systemctl – System Control: Manage system services using systems.
Example: systemctl start service_name
journalctl – Systemd Journal: View system logs using systemd’s journal.
Example: journalctl -u service_name
cron – Schedule Tasks: Manage scheduled tasks.
Example: crontab -e
at – Execute Commands Later: Run commands at a specified time.
Example: echo "command" | at 15:30
ping – Network Connectivity: Check network connectivity to a host.
Example: ping google.com
traceroute – Trace Route: Trace the route packets take to reach a host.
Example: traceroute google.com
curl – Check Website Connectivity: Check if a website is up.
Example: curl -Is https://example.com | head -n 1
dig – Domain Information Groper: Retrieve DNS information for a domain.
Example: dig example.com
hostname – Display or Set Hostname: Display or change the system’s hostname.
Example: hostname
who – Display Users: Display currently logged-in users.
Example: who
useradd – Add User: Create a new user account.
Example: useradd newuser
usermod – Modify User: Modify user account properties.
Example: usermod -aG groupname username
passwd – Change Password: Change user password.
Example: passwd username
sudo – Superuser Do: Execute commands as the superuser.
Example: sudo command
lsof – List Open Files: List open files and processes using them.
Example: lsof -i :port
nc – Netcat: Networking utility to read and write data across network connections.
Example: echo "Hello" | nc host port
scp – Secure Copy Between Hosts: Copy files securely between hosts.
Example: scp file.txt user@remote_host:/path
sed – Stream Editor: Text manipulation using regex.
Example: sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt
awk – Text Processing: Pattern scanning and text processing.
Example: awk '{print $2}' file.txt
cut – Text Column Extraction: Extract specific columns from text.
Example: cut -d"," -f2 file.csv
sort – Sort Lines: Sort lines of text files.
Example: sort file.txtdiff – File Comparison: Compare two files and show differences.
Example: diff file1.txt file2.txtwc – Count the word characters
Example: wc -l
So, Do you want to make your own website? Great, for this you need to aware of some Internet technology terms and programming languages. Content Management System (CMS) is easy tool to develop or maintain your website. So now you must be thinking what is a Content management system? How we can install it? which programming language it uses? and many more questions. In this blog I have tried to explain the concept of CMS and some popular CMS in opensource technology.
Open-source software (OSS) is computer software for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that meets the 
